VWAP
Volume-Weighted Average Price — the average price over a day weighted by volume, a benchmark for fair intraday value.
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ADX & DMI
The Directional Movement Index (DMI) and Average Directional Index (ADX) are Wilder's tools for measuring trend direction and, crucially, trend strength. This article explains the +DI and -DI lines (which side is winning), the ADX line (how strong the trend is, regardless of direction), the conventional 25/20 thresholds for trending versus ranging, how DI crossovers signal direction, and how to use ADX as a filter rather than a standalone signal.
Accumulation/Distribution Line
The Accumulation/Distribution (A/D) Line is a cumulative volume-flow line that, unlike OBV, weights each bar by where price closed within its range. This article explains how it is built, how its direction reveals accumulation versus distribution, how it differs from OBV (close-within-range vs up/down) and from Chaikin Money Flow (cumulative line vs windowed oscillator), and how A/D divergence warns when volume flow disagrees with price.
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